1	Detecting Extra-Solar Earths Shaped Pupil Coronagraphy for NASA’s Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF-C) Mission
2
3
4
5
6
7
8	"Shown are reported findings up..." Shown are reported findings up until August 31, 2004. Blue: RV; Red: transits Yellow: microlensing 5-s limits of different techniques shown Need direct imaging to detect extra-solar earths
9
10	"Left:" Left: VLT, IR light with adaptive optics, April 2004. Courtesy Gael Chauvin / ESO. Right: Hubble, IR light, January 2005. Courtesy NASA / ESA / Glenn H. Schneider, et al Brown dwarf host, 8 million years, 1000C, 5 Jupiter masses, 54a.u., 2,500 year period VLT, NACO adaptive optics infrared camera, March 2005. Courtesy Ralph Neuhäuser / ESO. few million years, 50a.u., 1200 year period, 2000K, 1-42 Jupiter masses. Spitzer’s IR array camera @ 4.5 and 8 microns, October 2004. Courtesy David Charbonneau (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) Spitzer's multiband imaging photometer @ 24 microns, December 2004. Courtesy Drake Deming (NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center)
11
12	"To minimize glare," To minimize glare, image in the infrared. Problems: Much dimmer than visible Much worse resolution than visible NASA’s conclusion: Do a visible mission first, with very high contrast telescope: the TPF-C. Photon flux and resolution acceptable 10¹⁰contrast required
13	"2015-2020" 2015-2020 Detection 35 core nearby stars (150 extended mission) Distance from star: 0.7-1.5 a.u. Surface area: 0.5 of Earth and greater Characterization Orbit, distance Photometry: size, rotation Spectroscopy: atmosphere, water Life General Astrophysics
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52